Decoding is the reverse process of listening to words, thinking about them, and turning those words into mental images. If your aunt were trying to find her way to your apartment, she would listen to your words, associate those words with the streets and sites she knows, and then form a mind map of the path to reach you. Ramsey`s “Using Language Well” (Chapter 10) provides additional information about the encoding and decoding process. The power of non-verbal communication should not be underestimated. In his book Silent Messages, Professor Albert Mehrabian says that the messages we send through our posture, gestures, facial expressions and spatial distance account for 55% of what is perceived and understood by others. In fact, through our body language, we always communicate whether we like it or not! 3. Axiology represents our value system or what we consider good or bad, good or bad, and right or wrong. One of the ways to say what people appreciate is to ask them what their goals are or ask them what qualities they look for in a life partner. Our values represent the things we hope for – they don`t represent reality. Values can affect several levels of the public speaking process, but values in particular affect the credibility and effectiveness of speakers in persuasion. For example, some cultures value modest clothing among women, so a speaker wearing a sleeveless blouse when speaking could cause her to lose credibility with some viewers. Or if viewers place the freedom to carry guns above the benefits of government regulation, a speaker will have a hard time convincing those viewers to vote for stricter gun control laws.

2. Listen and understand correctly the messages someone sends us. The final element of the communication process is the context in which the speech or interaction takes place. In the 1980s, context was taught as the real physical environment in which communication took place, such as in a place of worship, apartment, workplace, noisy restaurant, or grocery store. People communicate differently in each of these places, as there are unwritten communication rules (called norms) that govern these attitudes. More recently, the concept of context has evolved and expanded to include the nature of the relationships we have with others and the communication rules that govern those relationships. So you don`t talk to your best friend the same way you talk to a young child, your parents, your boss, your doctor, or a police officer. And you can talk to your best friend differently in your apartment than in your parents` house, and your communication can also change if you`re both with friends on the weekends. In summary, context refers to the norms that govern communication in different situations and relationships.

5. Praxeology refers to our preferred method of accomplishing daily tasks or our approach to problem solving. Some speechwriters may start working on their outline as soon as they know they need to make a speech, while others wait a few days before their speech to start preparing (we don`t recommend this approach). Praxeology can also affect a speaker`s preference for presentation style, the methods used to organize the main points, and the choice of slideware (i.e. Power Point over Prezi). Q: Identify the rock below if it is sedimentary, magmatic or metamorphic, and write a short Des. Often, people worry that if they listen carefully and patiently to someone who says something they disagree with, they accidentally send a consent message. Q: Do you consider water to be a mineral? How about ice cream? Explain your answer. There should be an introduction. The next aspect of the communication model is noise. Noise refers to anything that interferes with the transmission or reception of messages (i.e. brings the image of your head into the minds of others).

There are different types of noise. The first type of noise is physiological noise, and these are physical processes and conditions that disrupt a message. For example, if a speaker has a headache or flu, or if viewers are hot or hungry, these conditions can affect the accuracy of the message. The second type of noise is psychological noise. Mental noise refers to mental or emotional states that hinder the transmission or reception of messages. For example, if someone has just broken up with a loved one, or if they are worried about their grandmother who is in the hospital, or if they are thinking about their shopping list, this can also affect communication processes. The third type of noise is the actual physical noise, and it would simply be the actual sound level in a room. Loud music played at a party, a series of voices of people speaking enthusiastically, a lawn mower right outside the window or anything that is excessively loud will disrupt communication. The last type of noise is cultural noise. Cultural noise refers to disruptions to current events that result from differences in people`s worldviews. The worldview will be discussed in more detail below, but suffice it to say that the greater the difference in worldview, the more difficult it is to understand and communicate effectively. .